CLI Network Troubleshooting Utilities

ThousandEyes provides a full suite of terminal based Network, DNS, and Voice utilities. These utilities come from the same code base that our Agents use to perform tests, and provide enhanced insight during troubleshooting.

Installing CLI Network Troubleshooting Utilities

The ThousandEyes Utilites Suite is provided by the te-agent-utils package and is available for any host running a supported Linux distribution.

ThousandEyes repositories are automatically added to a host's package manager during Enterprise Agent installation. Hosts without an Enterprise Agent will require manual installation of a ThousandEyes software package repository.

Installation for Ubuntu

Install the ThousandEyes APT Repository

Add the ThousandEyes repository

sudo apt-add-repository https://apt.thousandeyes.com

Add the ThousandEyes signing key

sudo wget -q https://apt.thousandeyes.com/thousandeyes-apt-key.pub -O- | sudo apt-key add -

Changes will be applied during the update process

sudo apt-get update

If the key has been properly added it will be listed as a trusted key

sudo apt-key list

...
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/thousandeyes-apt-key.pub.gpg
---------------------------------------------------
pub   rsa2048 2012-08-13 [SC]
      AA5F BA03 CE4E F309 B7E3  D4E1 C99A 15F5 BE71 8900
uid           [ unknown] ThousandEyes <[email protected]>
...

Install the te-agent-utils Software Package

sudo apt-get install te-agent-utils

Installation for YUM (RedHat, Rocky, Amazon, CentOS, and Oracle Linux)

Install the ThousandEyes YUM Repository

Add the applicable ThousandEyes repository

sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://yum.thousandeyes.com/RHEL/9/x86_64    # RHEL, Rocky, and Oracle 9
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://yum.thousandeyes.com/CentOS/8/x86_64  # CentOS 8
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://yum.thousandeyes.com/Amazon/2/x86_64  # Amazon Linux 2

Add the ThousandEyes signing key

sudo wget --directory-prefix /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/ https://yum.thousandeyes.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-thousandeyes

Changes will be applied during the update process

sudo yum update

Check the GPG key

sudo gpg --show-keys --with-fingerprint /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-thousandeyes

The ThousandEyes key fingerprint should be as follows

pub   rsa2048 2012-08-13 [SC]
      AA5F BA03 CE4E F309 B7E3  D4E1 C99A 15F5 BE71 8900
uid                      ThousandEyes <[email protected]>

Install the te-agent-utils Software Package

sudo yum install te-agent-utils

Network Utilities

te-ping

A replacement for traditional ping, and can be run in a number of different application protocol modes. te-ping includes options to run in SACK, SYN, ICMP and VoIP modes, designed for use with different types of targets, and is consistent with the way that ThousandEyes measures end-to-end metrics in Network tests. Outputs include Loss, Latency and Jitter. Requires sudo permissions.

Syntax and Options

(sudo) te-ping [options] <target-ip>

Parameter

Description

target-ip

IP address or DNS name of the target machine.

Option (short)

Option (long)

Description

Default Value

-h

--help

displays usage instructions

n/a

--source-port

source port to be used for the test, do not use in icmp mode

-p

--port

destination port for the probe, do not use in icmp mode

-c

--count

number of packets to be sent by the test

-I

--interval

initial maximum interval between packets (in ms)

-i

--interface

interface name to use for the test (use in conjunction with --source-ip option)

any

-s

--source-ip

source IP address (use in conjunction with the --interface option)

n/a

-M

--mode

transmission mode for the test; accepts sack, syn, icmp, rtp (UDP+RTP), or sip options

sack

-v

--verbose

verbosity of the test; short command accepts -v (verbose) or -vv (very verbose), -vvv (very very verbose)

n/a

Example

$ sudo te-ping -i eth0 74.125.225.176

--- 74.125.225.176 ping statistics ---
50 packets transmitted, 50 received, 0.0% packet loss
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 68.00/69.42/71.00/0.58 ms

$ sudo te-ping -c 25 thousandeyes.com

--- 54.215.17.122 ping statistics ---
25 packets transmitted, 25 received, 0.0% packet loss
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 5.00/5.68/6.00/0.44 ms

te-pathtrace

Runs a traceroute, using the same methods as are used by ThousandEyes to the endpoint. In addition to obtaining the IP addresses transited by each probe, our code shows quoted-ttl, response-ttl and MPLS label values for each probe. Since each agent test runs 3 probes (test attempts) to the target, if you want consistent results with that of the agent, run with option -P 3, to obtain three sets of trace data. Requires sudo permissions. Note in the example shown that the path to the same target IP diverges in two separate trace requests from the same target, at hop # 4 (shown in bold for emphasis). Using the Paris-traceroute algorithm (which is used by ThousandEyes in our Path Visualization view), this would show a path split, as in the image shown below.

Syntax and Options

(sudo) te-pathtrace [options] <target-ip>

Parameter

Description

target-ip

IP address or DNS name of the target machine.

Option (short)

Option (long)

Description

Default Value

-h

--help

displays usage instructions

n/a

--source-port

source port to be used for the test, do not use in icmp mode

-p

--port

destination port for the probe, do not use in icmp mode

-w

--wait-time

how long to wait for each probe reply (in ms)

1000

-g

--gap-limit

maximum number of consecutive unresponsive hops before stopping

-l

--max-loops

number of times the same IP can be encountered before stopping

-P

--paths

number of parallel paths to trace

-M

--mode

transmission mode to use for the test; accepts tcp, sack, icmp, rtp, or sip.

tcp

-v

--verbose

verbosity level, accepts -v (verbose), -vv (very verbose), -vvv (very very verbose)

n/a

Example

$ sudo te-pathtrace -P 2 74.125.225.176

Tracing 2 paths from 192.168.1.209 to 74.125.224.176:80...
1 192.168.1.1 (0 ms), q-ttl=1, icmp=(11-0), r-ttl=64 
2 71.119.37.1 (19 ms), q-ttl=1, icmp=(11-0), r-ttl=126 
3 130.81.195.70 (26 ms), q-ttl=1, icmp=(11-0), r-ttl=253 
4 130.81.29.126 (22 ms), q-ttl=1, icmp=(11-0), r-ttl=252 <MPLS:L=471833,E=0,S=1,T=1>
5 140.222.227.21 (26 ms), q-ttl=1, icmp=(11-0), r-ttl=251 <MPLS:L=562169,E=0,S=1,T=1>
6 152.63.114.229 (27 ms), q-ttl=1, icmp=(11-0), r-ttl=250 
7 *
8 216.239.46.40 (59 ms), q-ttl=1, icmp=(11-0), r-ttl=249 t
9 64.233.174.186 (58 ms), q-ttl=1, icmp=(11-0), r-ttl=249 <MPLS:L=649764,E=4,S=1,T=1>
10 216.239.46.154 (72 ms), q-ttl=1, icmp=(11-0), r-ttl=245 <MPLS:L=353169,E=4,S=1,T=1>
11 216.239.46.147 (89 ms), q-ttl=1, icmp=(11-0), r-ttl=245 
12 209.85.251.9 (71 ms), q-ttl=1, icmp=(11-0), r-ttl=245 
13 74.125.225.176 (70 ms), q-ttl=0, icmp=(0-0), r-ttl=53 

1 192.168.1.1 (0 ms), q-ttl=1, icmp=(11-0), r-ttl=64 
2 71.119.37.1 (20 ms), q-ttl=1, icmp=(11-0), r-ttl=126 
3 130.81.195.70 (22 ms), q-ttl=1, icmp=(11-0), r-ttl=253 
4 130.81.199.40 (22 ms), q-ttl=1, icmp=(11-0), r-ttl=252 <MPLS:L=471833,E=0,S=1,T=1>
5 140.222.227.21 (25 ms), q-ttl=1, icmp=(11-0), r-ttl=251 <MPLS:L=562169,E=0,S=1,T=1>
6 152.63.115.246 (25 ms), q-ttl=1, icmp=(11-0), r-ttl=250 
7 *
8 64.233.174.238 (24 ms), q-ttl=1, icmp=(11-0), r-ttl=249 
9 64.233.174.192 (41 ms), q-ttl=1, icmp=(11-0), r-ttl=249 <MPLS:L=595852,E=4,S=1,T=1>
10 216.239.46.152 (73 ms), q-ttl=1, icmp=(11-0), r-ttl=245 <MPLS:L=645961,E=4,S=1,T=1>
11 216.239.46.145 (73 ms), q-ttl=1, icmp=(11-0), r-ttl=245 
12 209.85.251.9 (71 ms), q-ttl=1, icmp=(11-0), r-ttl=245 
13 74.125.225.176 (70 ms), q-ttl=0, icmp=(0-0), r-ttl=53

te-pathmtu

Designed to quickly interrogate the path between your test endpoint and the target. The command will find the smallest allowed MTU on the path between the endpoints, allowing inference of certain types of tunnels, or misconfigurations of MTU size on routers between the endpoints. By default, the MTU is 1500 bytes.

Syntax and Options

(sudo) te-pathmtu [options] <target-ip>

Parameter

Description

target-ip

IP address of the target machine or DNS name of target machine.

Option (short)

Option (long)

Description

Default Value

-h

--help

displays usage instructions

n/a

--source-port

source port to be used for the test, do not use in icmp mode

-p

--port

destination port for the probe, do not use in icmp mode

-w

--wait-time

how long to wait for each probe reply (in ms)

1000

-m

--max-mtu

the maximum possible transmission unit of the output interface (in bytes)

1500

-P

--paths

number of parallel paths to trace

-i

--interface

network interface to use for this test (use in conjunction with --source-ip option)

any

-s

--source-ip

source IP address ( use in conjunction with --interface option)

n/a

-M

--mode

transmission mode to use for the test; accepts tcp, icmp, rtp, or sip

tcp

-v

--verbose

verbosity level, accepts -v (verbose), -vv (very verbose) -vvv (very very verbose)

n/a

Example

$ sudo te-pathmtu -i eth0 98.139.183.24

Looking up path MTU from 89.187.112.188 to 98.139.183.24:80 
 Path MTU: 1500

te-bw

Designed as a replacement for iPerf, te-bw allows measurement of bandwidth, while having control of a single endpoint, and without the need to have exclusive access to the pipe. Use te-bw to measure estimated capacity, and available bandwidth on the pipe between the endpoint and target. Requires sudo permissions. When measuring bandwidth, te-bw shows the limiting bandwidth for UPSTREAM communication from the endpoint (ability of the endpoint to send data to the target), and DOWNSTREAM bandwidth from the target (ability for the target to send data to the endpoint). This is an important point for servers behind asymmetric links, such as ADSL.

Syntax and Options

(sudo) te-bw [options] <target-ip>

Parameter

Description

target-ip

IP address or DNS name of the target machine.

Option (short)

Option (long)

Description

Default Value

-h

--help

displays usage instructions

n/a

-p

--port

destination port on the target. Do not use in icmp mode

-j

--jitter

mean deviation of the round trip time (in μs)

if not specified, will be calculated by running an initial ping against the target

-z

--probe-size

maximum size of the probe packets (in bytes)

1440

-c

--capacity

capacity of the link (in Mbps), 0=unlimited.

if not specified, will be calculated by running an initial calculation against the target

-s

--source-ip

source IP address ( use in conjunction with --interface option)

n/a

-T

--timeout

timeout for the test to complete (in secs) , 0 = unlimited

-v

--verbose

verbosity level, short option accepts -v (verbose), -vv (very verbose), -vvv (very very verbose)

n/a

-i

--interface

network interface to use for the test (use in conjunction with --source-ip option)

any

-M

--mode

transmission mode to use for the test; accepts icmp or tcp

tcp

Example

$ sudo te-bw -i eth0 192.168.1.209 74.125.225.176

Running ping task to estimate jitter
80 bytes from 74.125.225.176: tcp_req=1 ttl=52 time=115 ms
80 bytes from 74.125.225.176: tcp_req=2 ttl=52 time=115 ms
80 bytes from 74.125.225.176: tcp_req=3 ttl=52 time=115 ms
80 bytes from 74.125.225.176: tcp_req=4 ttl=52 time=115 ms
80 bytes from 74.125.225.176: tcp_req=5 ttl=52 time=115 ms
80 bytes from 74.125.225.176: tcp_req=6 ttl=52 time=115 ms
80 bytes from 74.125.225.176: tcp_req=7 ttl=52 time=115 ms
80 bytes from 74.125.225.176: tcp_req=8 ttl=52 time=115 ms
80 bytes from 74.125.225.176: tcp_req=9 ttl=52 time=115 ms
80 bytes from 74.125.225.176: tcp_req=10 ttl=52 time=115 ms

--- 74.125.225.176 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0.0% packet loss
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 115.00/115.00/115.00/0.00 ms

Capacity
========================================
Estimated rate: 96.1 Mbps +/-0
Data sent:      8.80 KB
Probe size:     1420 B
Wall time:      3.59 secs
PCap stats:     200/0 pkts
Return code:    0 ()
========================================

Available bandwidth
========================================
Estimated rate: 78.0 Mbps +/-8
Data sent:      50.60 KB
Probe size:     1420 B
Wall time:      4.34 secs
PCap stats:     1150/0 pkts
Return code:    0 ()
========================================

te-oneway

te-oneway performs an Agent-to-Agent test in a single direction.

Syntax and Options

(sudo) te-oneway [options] <target-ip>

Parameter

Description

target-ip

IP address or DNS name of the target agent.

Option (short)

Option (long)

Description

Default Value

-h

--help

displays usage instructions

-v

--verbose

verbosity level, short option accepts -v (verbose), -vv (very verbose), -vvv (very very verbose)

--stunner-host

host in which to reach the STUNNER server

--stunner-port

port in which to reach the STUNNER server

-p

--port

destination probe port on the target agent

5000

-i

--interface

network interface to use for the test (use in conjunction with --source-ip option)

any

-s

--source-ip

source IP address (use in conjunction with --interface option)

any

--dscp arg

DSCP value (decimal), 0=best effort

--payload-size

payload size to use

-M

--mode

mode: tcp or udp

tcp

-b

--behind-nat

behave as if this client is behind a NAT (makes sense when using STUNNER)

--agent-id

the agent id to use when connecting and authenticating to the STUNNER

--agent-token

the agent token to use when connecting and authenticating to the STUNNER

--packet-rate

Rate at which to send packets (in pps), or 0 for RTT-based mechanism

-a

--asymmetric-interfaces

Support separate ingress/egress interfaces

te-stresstest

te-stresstest runs a suite of tests in parallel against a single endpoint. The goal is to simulate multiple agents running tests against one endpoint.

Syntax and Options

(sudo) te-stresstest [options] <target-ip>

Parameter

Description

target-ip

IP address or DNS name of the target machine.

Option (short)

Option (long)

Description

Default Value

-h

--help

produce this help message

-p

--port

the destination probe port (in TCP mode)

--ping

number of concurrent ping tasks

--pathtrace

number of concurrent pathtrace tasks

--pathmtu

number of concurrent pathmtu tasks

--bw

number of concurrent available bandwidth tasks (runs capacity estimation too if --capacity is not specified)

--voice

number of concurrent voice tasks

-M

--mode

mode: tcp, icmp, or rtp

tcp

-g

--gap-limit

number of unresponsive hops before stopping ('auto' to perform distance estimation to destination, in which case it autouses 20 estimated_distance or 7 if destination doesn't reply)

auto

-j

--jitter

mean dev of two-way jitter (in usecs)

-z

--probe-size

maximum size of probe packets (in bytes)

1440

-c

--capacity

capacity of the link (in Mbps, 0=unlimited)

--dscp

DSCP value (decimal), 0=best effort

--codec

audio codec, 0=G711, 1=G722_24, 2=G722_32, 3=G726, 4=G723, 5=G729a

-o

--clock-offset

clock offset with server (in secs)

-t

--threads

# of threads

--voice-threads

runs voice tasks in a dedicated probe task executor (boost asio queue) with n threads (0 means that voice tasks run in shared probe task executor; (more than 0 means that voice tasks run in a dedicated probe task executor with that many threads)

-d

--duration

duration of the test (in secs, 0=unlimited)

-T

--timeout

deadline for individual tasks to complete (in ms)

-i

--interface

interface (use in conjunction with --source-ip option)

-s

--source-ip

source IP address (use in conjunction with --interface option)

-v

--verbose

verbosity level: -v, -vv, or -vvv

te-tput-tcp

te-tput-tcp runs a throughput test to an Enterprise Agent. The test will send as much data as it can in the set amount of time to measure the maximum data throughput to an agent.

Syntax and Options

(sudo) te-tput-tcp [options] <target-ip>

Parameter

Description

target-ip

IP address or DNS name of the target machine.

Option (short)

Option (long)

Description

Default Value

-h

--help

produce this help message

-v

--verbose

verbosity level: -v, -vv, or -vvv

--source-port

the source probe port, 0=random

-p

--port

the destination probe port

5000

-i

--interface

interface (use in conjunction with --source-ip option)

-s

--source-ip

source IP address (use in conjunction with --interface option)

--dscp

DSCP value (decimal), 0=best effort

--agent-id

the agent id to use when connecting and authenticating to the STUNNER

--mss

mss to use

1460

--send-buffer

send buffer size to use

--no-delay

use no delay on socket (Nagle)

--congestion-algo

the TCP congestion algorthm to use for setsockopt TCP_CONGESTION

-d

--stream-duration

stream duration (in secs)

-a

--asymmetric-interfaces

Support separate ingress/egress interfaces

te-tput-udp

te-tput-udp runs a throughput test to an Enterprise Agent, similar to te-tput-tcp but using UDP rather than TCP.

Syntax and Options

(sudo) te-tput-udp [options] <target-ip>

Parameter

Description

target-ip

IP address or DNS name of the target machine.

Option (short)

Option (long)

Description

Default Value

-h

--help

produce this help message

-v

--verbose

verbosity level: -v, -vv, or -vvv

--source-port

the source probe port, 0=random

-p

--port

the destination probe port

5000

-i

--interface

interface (use in conjunction with --source-ip option)

-s

--source-ip

source IP address (use in conjunction with --interface option)

--dscp

DSCP value (decimal), 0=best effort

--agent-id

the agent id to use when connecting and authenticating to the STUNNER

--payload-size

paylod size to use

1400

-d

--stream-duration

stream duration (in secs)

-r

--rate

rate in kbps

10240

-a

--asymmetric-interfaces

Support separate ingress/egress interfaces

DNS Utilities

te-dns-trace

A special version of dig +trace which follows CNAME records across zones, in order to get to the requested record type. This is the same logic as is followed using the DNS Domain Trace test inside ThousandEyes. In addition, you'll receive more verbose feedback when the trace attempt is unsuccessful at retrieving records from an authoritative server, before the request fails over to a subsequent server. In the example shown below for www.healthcare.gov A, notice how the trace is followed from CNAME retrieved from the .gov zone, to Akamai, where the ultimate A record resides. A standard dig +trace request would stop at the line shown in bold. Does not require sudo permissions.

Syntax and Options

(sudo) te-dns-trace <domain> [type]

Parameter

Description

Required?

Default Value

domain

domain name to look up

n/a

type

DNS record type

Example

$ sudo te-dns-trace www.healthcare.gov A

gov.      172800  IN      NS      b.gov-servers.net.
gov.    172800  IN      NS      a.gov-servers.net.
;; Received 143 bytes from 198.41.0.4(a.root-servers.net.) in 25 ms

healthcare.gov. 86400   IN      NS      eur5.akam.net.
healthcare.gov. 86400   IN      NS      usc3.akam.net.
healthcare.gov. 86400   IN      NS      use2.akam.net.
healthcare.gov. 86400   IN      NS      use4.akam.net.
healthcare.gov. 86400   IN      NS      usw2.akam.net.
healthcare.gov. 86400   IN      NS      asia1.akam.net.
healthcare.gov. 86400   IN      NS      ns1-78.akam.net.
healthcare.gov. 86400   IN      NS      ns1-252.akam.net.
;; Received 202 bytes from 209.112.123.30(b.gov-servers.net.) in 23 ms

www.healthcare.gov.     120     IN      CNAME   www.geodirector.hc.gov.akadns.net.
;; Received 83 bytes from 23.74.25.64(eur5.akam.net.) in 72 ms

net.    172800  IN      NS      m.gtld-servers.net.
net.    172800  IN      NS      l.gtld-servers.net.
net.    172800  IN      NS      k.gtld-servers.net.
net.    172800  IN      NS      j.gtld-servers.net.
net.    172800  IN      NS      i.gtld-servers.net.
net.    172800  IN      NS      h.gtld-servers.net.
net.    172800  IN      NS      g.gtld-servers.net.
net.    172800  IN      NS      f.gtld-servers.net.
net.    172800  IN      NS      e.gtld-servers.net.
net.    172800  IN      NS      d.gtld-servers.net.
net.    172800  IN      NS      c.gtld-servers.net.
net.    172800  IN      NS      b.gtld-servers.net.
net.    172800  IN      NS      a.gtld-servers.net.
;; Received 508 bytes from 198.41.0.4(a.root-servers.net.) in 27 ms

akadns.net.     172800  IN      NS      ns1-129.akadns.net.
akadns.net.     172800  IN      NS      ns2-129.akadns.net.
akadns.net.     172800  IN      NS      ns17-133.akadns.org.
akadns.net.     172800  IN      NS      a3-129.akadns.net.
akadns.net.     172800  IN      NS      a11-129.akadns.net.
akadns.net.     172800  IN      NS      a9-128.akadns.net.
akadns.net.     172800  IN      NS      a5-130.akadns.org.
akadns.net.     172800  IN      NS      a4-131.akadns.org.
akadns.net.     172800  IN      NS      a10-128.akadns.org.
akadns.net.     172800  IN      NS      a28-129.akadns.org.
;; Received 358 bytes from 192.55.83.30(m.gtld-servers.net.) in 80 ms

www.geodirector.hc.gov.akadns.net.      120     IN      CNAME   production.healthcare.gov.edgekey.net.
;; Received 99 bytes from 193.108.88.129(ns1-129.akadns.net.) in 72 ms

edgekey.net.    172800  IN      NS      ns1-66.akam.net.
edgekey.net.    172800  IN      NS      usw6.akam.net.
edgekey.net.    172800  IN      NS      use9.akam.net.
edgekey.net.    172800  IN      NS      adns1.akam.net.
edgekey.net.    172800  IN      NS      adns2.akam.net.
edgekey.net.    172800  IN      NS      adns3.akam.net.
edgekey.net.    172800  IN      NS      adns4.akam.net.
edgekey.net.    172800  IN      NS      ns4-66.akam.net.
edgekey.net.    172800  IN      NS      ns4-67.akam.net.
edgekey.net.    172800  IN      NS      ns7-65.akam.net.
edgekey.net.    172800  IN      NS      ns7-66.akam.net.
edgekey.net.    172800  IN      NS      ns5-66.akam.net.
edgekey.net.    172800  IN      NS      ns5-64.akam.net.
;; Received 497 bytes from 192.55.83.30(m.gtld-servers.net.) in 81 ms

production.healthcare.gov.edgekey.net.  21600   IN      CNAME   e8132.dscb.akamaiedge.net.
;; Received 91 bytes from 193.108.91.66(ns1-66.akam.net.) in 23 ms

akamaiedge.net. 172800  IN      NS      la1.akamaiedge.net.
akamaiedge.net. 172800  IN      NS      la6.akamaiedge.net.
akamaiedge.net. 172800  IN      NS      la7.akamaiedge.net.
akamaiedge.net. 172800  IN      NS      la3.akamaiedge.net.
akamaiedge.net. 172800  IN      NS      lar6.akamaiedge.net.
akamaiedge.net. 172800  IN      NS      lar2.akamaiedge.net.
akamaiedge.net. 172800  IN      NS      ns3-194.akamaiedge.net.
akamaiedge.net. 172800  IN      NS      ns2-194.akamaiedge.net.
akamaiedge.net. 172800  IN      NS      ns4-194.akamaiedge.net.
akamaiedge.net. 172800  IN      NS      ns6-194.akamaiedge.net.
akamaiedge.net. 172800  IN      NS      ns7-194.akamaiedge.net.
akamaiedge.net. 172800  IN      NS      ns5-194.akamaiedge.net.
akamaiedge.net. 172800  IN      NS      ns1-1.akamaiedge.net.
;; Received 497 bytes from 192.55.83.30(m.gtld-servers.net.) in 80 ms

dscb.akamaiedge.net.    21600   IN      NS      n3dscb.akamaiedge.net.
dscb.akamaiedge.net.    43200   IN      NS      n2dscb.akamaiedge.net.
dscb.akamaiedge.net.    32400   IN      NS      n4dscb.akamaiedge.net.
dscb.akamaiedge.net.    32400   IN      NS      n7dscb.akamaiedge.net.
dscb.akamaiedge.net.    32400   IN      NS      n1dscb.akamaiedge.net.
dscb.akamaiedge.net.    21600   IN      NS      n6dscb.akamaiedge.net.
dscb.akamaiedge.net.    43200   IN      NS      n5dscb.akamaiedge.net.
dscb.akamaiedge.net.    21600   IN      NS      n0dscb.akamaiedge.net.
;; Received 339 bytes from 184.26.161.192(la1.akamaiedge.net.) in 23 ms

e8132.dscb.akamaiedge.net.      20      IN      A       23.43.186.194
;; Received 59 bytes from 63.217.8.179(n3dscb.akamaiedge.net.) in 40 ms

te-sigchase

Provides DNSSEC keychain validation (using bottom-up method) for the target record type. Requires that DNSSEC extensions are supported by routers used by the endpoint. See http://www.icann.org/en/groups/ssac/documents/sac-035-en.pdf for a list of devices which do not currently support required extensions for DNSSEC compatibility. Outputs of DNSSEC keychain validation will be the Data Chain, and Trust Tree responses for the validation request, similar to that which is shown in the output of DNSSEC tests in ThousandEyes. Does not require sudo permissions.

Syntax and Options

(sudo) te-sigchase <domain> [type] [key-file]

Parameter

Description

Required?

Default Value

domain

domain name to validate

n/a

type

record type to validate

key-file

key file used for validation of root server signatures

A key file is provided and maintained with the te-agent-utils package. To view the content of the file, look at /var/lib/te-agent-utils/dns-rootserver.key

Example

$ sudo te-sigchase www.fbi.gov A

Data chain: 
;; rcode: NOERROR
;; qtype: DNSKEY
rrset:
.       172800  IN      DNSKEY  256 3 8 AwEAAb8sU6pbYMWRbkRnEuEZw9NSir707TkOcF+UL1XiK4NDJOvXRyX195Am5dQ7bRnnuySZ3daf37vvjUUhuIWUAQ4stht8nJfYxVQXDYjSpGH5I6Hf/0CZEoNP6cNvrQ7AFmKkmv00xWExKQjbvnRPI4bqpMwtHVzn6WybBZ6kuqED ;{id = 33655 (zsk), size = 1024b}
.       172800  IN      DNSKEY  257 3 8 AwEAAagAIKlVZrpC6Ia7gEzahOR+9W29euxhJhVVLOyQbSEW0O8gcCjFFVQUTf6v58fLjwBd0YI0EzrAcQqBGCzh/RStIoO8g0NfnfL2MTJRkxoXbfDaUeVPQuYEhg37NZWAJQ9VnMVDxP/VHL496M/QZxkjf5/Efucp2gaDX6RS6CXpoY68LsvPVjR0ZSwzz1apAzvN9dlzEheX7ICJBBtuA6G3LQpzW5hOA2hzCTMjJPJ8LbqF6dsV6DoBQzgul0sGIcGOYl7OyQdXfZ57relSQageu+ipAdTTJ25AsRTAoub8ONGcLmqrAmRLKBP1dfwhYB4N7knNnulqQxA+Uk1ihz0= ;{id = 19036 (ksk), size = 2048b}
sigs:
.       172800  IN      RRSIG   DNSKEY 8 0 172800 20140125235959 20140111000000 19036 . StojN0w3tpyJ6VR+ShcnuekubPXIS/8PHHtp6zJ1mEC/EyUNmGiIN9sEt4jl2yV72saerP6dHXrROceXHFDaGoIN2ge9wdOmzOuKu3zjlvgeUNVcLuzmJFIcPGOkX0vms1dLhEjElM1bBbXRGA8hLAOjbH/sccRSRabLiwpWBT42Gq9o4a1wU6pJhNkQc9nW60zyzLa1PCC+QFRIG53ENBFL1fub8cNjpzBH40RVLmynb4PgzulodAtRM1Rs6z7X8esfOP2dsVE+8ZkY2KzFS6cz5Xw/GkQ3vdiIOJt/QYJ5ZhytkEjPUOV8w01B5mU49qGzMkjW6solFzI3OSde4Q==
---
;; rcode: NOERROR
;; qtype: DS
rrset:
gov.    86400   IN      DS      7698 8 2 6bc949e638442ead0bdaf0935763c8d003760384ff15ebbd5ce86bb5559561f0
gov.    86400   IN      DS      7698 8 1 6f109b46a80cea9613dc86d5a3e065520505aafe
sigs:
gov.    86400   IN      RRSIG   DS 8 1 86400 20140127000000 20140119230000 33655 . GiRstE42TXAFs/76q+l+ED4WlrqWFS/qJWIzwQbSst5OpCsDuO2SMkJKuu8vWikYwVNrNdGJ4Jody1oYQWMKfXpirAqOVWOb3gpmoUgGn4O/c09xh1fRHx4TZ1gvg2rhit0UFiqrwPf5+aidXhU4O73ZY0A6o7IV1c6DCRPwlqo=
---
;; rcode: NOERROR
;; qtype: DNSKEY
rrset:
gov.    3600    IN      DNSKEY  257 3 8 AQO8daaz7B+yshOfL60rytKd9aOSujgponEw3fwBMEC3/+e9XzHw2k+VKnbJTZ+QaVtpfUd1q9HKZIv/ck83Gl5TjYKE5jtUZ2kpEDZfVNGv6yx0smtWAXv1nCJS9ohnyOTd397eMojGDHqkEC+uojEScZheEkMxzgCZwDAs+/CSU7mSuHtCRZn19xlZUd5Gv7yDQ3mbOUwuy30oSk0z1Q5UUPpoihOugIZHFX6Jk7NLiW2wlqfq9qhV4zj7TiBiJY0mCc4zHN8/aq2VKDHp2Na7mWzvKyTy+SYQkBQ/08LbPwj9YMc+uCzKL6sU/ObHv17EFhD8aPDftTHZvV9L+OZr ;{id = 7698 (ksk), size = 2048b}
gov.    3600    IN      DNSKEY  256 3 8 AQPUPnOmrICUKGXz/F17uwcAUDaOpSzXtYyVppfFKLCstRguG7MniUDQ7/T5kf+tV7EPcVXca4iJc5WPhKQxCW7O0mSVElgJTbZTgOPpl5TCDYNRLdas7XzJsxadv2FIdQeVopD3tlxgsiB3M1epVEyCS9SxPhEgStLb1A/CnkCYNw== ;{id = 51929 (zsk), size = 1024b}
gov.    3600    IN      DNSKEY  256 3 8 AQPXzCGIOpznwWOcAVVA4J0lUvtY+K9sEETwbUl8uoh4tmREv2PkfBFID3aL5Nyl3MUrCN6UsP+Tvu+Yj6pi7DEBhOHMxItwocix9cu9VxstQMQ2U2NYs1unUD77W5PmN/000hA4lQS/JrD89XfrmRv2zHPRzw5AsdrfVLm1K0rb+w== ;{id = 46733 (zsk), size = 1024b}
sigs:
gov.    3596    IN      RRSIG   DNSKEY 8 1 86400 20140128224731 20140113224231 7698 gov. UdHmEpD0jhpyM5QSI4Te4XYIoPYZiLLN2TvYt56rXDTrmClHNb2WfI5XyDzqAMhOlGvGF9vvkxCK+rxle3OTbKKKWzVzPhxQKDXCAB5ixvR5Mhu7yiH2T4W9FNo7EpyNQ3iI6y3/1SuoExhtgmC2fi0ajF2PkQgj6t+2G1bHJrcMxA9dbwf6ZSZF8JBTdVrW0rjSduAAccQ8URwZx54cF4aMI6idrq0XnFAcnIhw8oGu0EesKCgE3GAuMBtPRINMIFaEAqGGh5g07gOn2gu4I/JFRh5Ni2XCyG08FwbgL8sbTF0qJGr4wpWnzkr42dSQCmk/k0GabzYwAIPt0JNJnQ==
---
;; rcode: NOERROR
;; qtype: DS
rrset:
fbi.gov.        3600    IN      DS      60816 7 2 dafec16d6066c3b7086e27015061674570572819b3d9c79aeb4cd9d8f44889f6
fbi.gov.        3600    IN      DS      24840 7 1 1a587e6ffaf669448d6cef00403e3b91a9b33916
fbi.gov.        3600    IN      DS      24840 7 2 0c31ebaed7f6a22619eadd082417ab38fa4b4af871fd6507f040cd916b098d18
fbi.gov.        3600    IN      DS      60816 7 1 938e49efccdd177417b0c252c8c706b3108f6f79
sigs:
fbi.gov.        3600    IN      RRSIG   DS 8 2 3600 20140127160024 20140120160024 51929 gov. AABChEniI48Iiy5j47ZzUSiflNt8ksxJITw6xK021GKhm+qAfewtP/g50FDPFFw/ys51s9UNYmSRgS/Yx0qCX8TMZ7R/0mg3zlLeVm+iJIUdhaEHNLu8ZWYotmkDv6yM8lmNiMFVBQF30XVeXcni8eOFxu6d/+XCyWiNAi9dGFw=
---
;; rcode: NOERROR
;; qtype: DNSKEY
rrset:
fbi.gov.        600     IN      DNSKEY  256 3 7 BQEAAAAB17UX5M/RKhkRgfUM4GYr+wCTTfLpe232895mX0GH/3R2SnYFTTCEPF7hNF5nkt6yW57fs1wt8/FrdQom7lRLZhgaZdXHGNSbLraq8jMAq9CmNvoNzhoiXbOUdwf2Hw2zcrozYgAoEfxeX0cCf5je4DSRkwEHZ7L+t2y15M9WwZk= ;{id = 58969 (zsk), size = 1024b}
fbi.gov.        600     IN      DNSKEY  257 3 7 AwEAAcbqigwPaVWRtu5tXoSIHRnjafvgHIKVo/I1nWZpCgCgGEwy6AZ4+OxktFgaVtVEIqNyeeCM9pkjly1isnwZDcWRHbzwmJ3dgKfnml8c5GIJnPp+4NcUHh8YzV+NAurNxaOWp7VDgJRuUejkyKNStia8B4WgcHK26ztGjy6wA/lkVUmea0H/EawqxrolACAD44kYjSpHxTx2dLeoqLfA4BR38aVCT8QTR6jb0Prt2x3v5bGxsW8nv9EvYZOYJHxzhZ6qoPKTCSFpXbPJvJRe/OQpIM+oANQzqPJtnnXNQqa72bJz4xZ4ybZo5tDbqEbY9i/i1KfZxxin01tz1Sk8o8M= ;{id = 24840 (ksk), size = 2048b}
fbi.gov.        600     IN      DNSKEY  257 3 7 AwEAAco9GtgN9u27gk77N3mrGDJ/ifCuPjJVba6bNnEqcamqf/Zhz5ysspP2LuQN2Grn1neWPLNZxi/fIzQDw+r3fUw8++W28AXt4nH+7J3vmySBX+kEwCXuzhigxXWHnh6TawVDmKFHAh/VOqFjXVRvOBW18S4PJ+ee+AwOtQh60tNuPNBVQvNkuOrG6q1o1OnLYyP9dKkcEK7FwH6lo11qNhwq8z6VFgQV7Kc1RxPiKEI/22GCFlzzyqTdN3DGbwiwIMcgVeJWvOBhQRRjoF/VPZ0eEDqQAG8mFamTcz7YU7J0fmhRKnJxEnr/dNcDYgibDOpW/ZIDiDD2JX9BzJgPV/U= ;{id = 60816 (ksk), size = 2048b}
fbi.gov.        600     IN      DNSKEY  256 3 7 BQEAAAABo4psWp89WZYhcyU1e7HiJgURDcNSPRJigtcKjUZq+zm3smS++eQyjVDZQOWsQxyyCw/HF1sT/goY2VO7Nm6uQ7y/kxgGeTkTiQAkcJ9GEI30RHaWrdMlmFuMLHV0Hdf9OxuXqAxLdEjq4UcVz0C/L5y6KECIlrFwFA/PPsdbpZc= ;{id = 32497 (zsk), size = 1024b}
sigs:
fbi.gov.        593     IN      RRSIG   DNSKEY 7 2 600 20140205145352 20131107145352 24840 fbi.gov. lA986MS27bBKnX7eh7SltOHR9v/mtsHoQeIXzzfImghvfbZcl920RUVZk0byZOcIYq4xezY5eW4uHaBFQ+Ii2JypVhLT3kUks/PKRe1R3S+2Q9XMMTV3ArUtQfTwRvpSFCTJEoyWTE3bOQkbQdWjznyI6wyRARg/QS+v4J/2peVIsOAT5Zu9BbcpUkVVyxKA2uj72AAoH9la15oub1k9/2pUCKlZz+qNTVrJp2U0lV8tUij0YHE0gzoR3rYVQHmDd2xuGFPQj2oX9/im4LVsI1nyliXVKFSNht8CSGTKD5q7Q8rTaprQpptCDdmX1dqlv/hhycNNU66x7PiQEd2euQ==
fbi.gov.        593     IN      RRSIG   DNSKEY 7 2 600 20140205145352 20131107145352 32497 fbi.gov. FQmiZhw87K7RueZ9Bdu/MKn7A/SxCSUPEm3p+cAuK9ATbydaChgVF5YlWCceaVC0l8NRyePmKHouBMy9JocJh5sZkIZsFu0RRLezgd0h0UkMtyhvfivK7eIhFTbMrGgFnPUiS9JsFcBTQYb8KR6bhvIrSFv86CiuGhr96dzpX4g=
---
;; rcode: NOERROR
rrset:
www.fbi.gov.    598     IN      CNAME   www.fbi.gov.c.footprint6.net.
sigs:
www.fbi.gov.    598     IN      RRSIG   CNAME 7 3 600 20140205145352 20131107145352 32497 fbi.gov. WYmt4GrH4X8PLndOgSLy12MPlWzv85dS7HnSsIMCcqm54Ub66V1Bp/KgtFthUWNf7IMTAnk/X8cT2TXzffJ41I0SXXFdUlhi9WrQlUPTWzwbkKFxGICzzD6jpWPdXBJe/FMecSGwCFCdEPaL+9B5ZewzJk1XxQLlfE86hNQ7gKE=
---

Trust tree: 
www.fbi.gov. (CNAME)
|---fbi.gov. (DNSKEY keytag: 32497 alg: 7 flags: 256)
    |---fbi.gov. (DNSKEY keytag: 24840 alg: 7 flags: 257)
    |---fbi.gov. (DS keytag: 60816 digest type: 2)
    |   |---gov. (DNSKEY keytag: 51929 alg: 8 flags: 256)
    |       |---gov. (DNSKEY keytag: 7698 alg: 8 flags: 257)
    |       |---gov. (DS keytag: 7698 digest type: 2)
    |       |   |---. (DNSKEY keytag: 33655 alg: 8 flags: 256)
    |       |       |---. (DNSKEY keytag: 19036 alg: 8 flags: 257)
    |       |---gov. (DS keytag: 7698 digest type: 1)
    |           |---. (DNSKEY keytag: 33655 alg: 8 flags: 256)
    |               |---. (DNSKEY keytag: 19036 alg: 8 flags: 257)
    |---fbi.gov. (DS keytag: 24840 digest type: 1)
    |   |---gov. (DNSKEY keytag: 51929 alg: 8 flags: 256)
    |       |---gov. (DNSKEY keytag: 7698 alg: 8 flags: 257)
    |       |---gov. (DS keytag: 7698 digest type: 2)
    |       |   |---. (DNSKEY keytag: 33655 alg: 8 flags: 256)
    |       |       |---. (DNSKEY keytag: 19036 alg: 8 flags: 257)
    |       |---gov. (DS keytag: 7698 digest type: 1)
    |           |---. (DNSKEY keytag: 33655 alg: 8 flags: 256)
    |               |---. (DNSKEY keytag: 19036 alg: 8 flags: 257)
    |---fbi.gov. (DS keytag: 24840 digest type: 2)
    |   |---gov. (DNSKEY keytag: 51929 alg: 8 flags: 256)
    |       |---gov. (DNSKEY keytag: 7698 alg: 8 flags: 257)
    |       |---gov. (DS keytag: 7698 digest type: 2)
    |       |   |---. (DNSKEY keytag: 33655 alg: 8 flags: 256)
    |       |       |---. (DNSKEY keytag: 19036 alg: 8 flags: 257)
    |       |---gov. (DS keytag: 7698 digest type: 1)
    |           |---. (DNSKEY keytag: 33655 alg: 8 flags: 256)
    |               |---. (DNSKEY keytag: 19036 alg: 8 flags: 257)
    |---fbi.gov. (DS keytag: 60816 digest type: 1)
        |---gov. (DNSKEY keytag: 51929 alg: 8 flags: 256)
            |---gov. (DNSKEY keytag: 7698 alg: 8 flags: 257)
            |---gov. (DS keytag: 7698 digest type: 2)
            |   |---. (DNSKEY keytag: 33655 alg: 8 flags: 256)
            |       |---. (DNSKEY keytag: 19036 alg: 8 flags: 257)
            |---gov. (DS keytag: 7698 digest type: 1)
                |---. (DNSKEY keytag: 33655 alg: 8 flags: 256)
                    |---. (DNSKEY keytag: 19036 alg: 8 flags: 257)

Voice Utilities

te-rtp

Designed to initiate an instant voice call to a VoIP server. It includes options to choose different Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) and codec values. Voice packets are encapsulated by a Real Time Transport Protocol (RTP) header, followed by further encapsulation through the transport layer protocol UDP and then sent using IP

Syntax and Options

(sudo) te-rtp [options] <target-ip>

Parameter

Description

target-ip

IP address of the VoIP server.

Option (short)

Option (long)

Description

Default Value

-h

--help

displays usage instructions

n/a

--source-port

source port to be used for the test

-p

--port

destination port for the probe

5000

-P

--paths

# of paths to trace (in parallel)

-i

--interface

interface name to use for the test (use in conjunction with --source-ip option)

any

-s

--source-ip

source IP address ( use in conjunction with --interface option)

n/a

--dscp

DSCP value to be used for the voice call

0 = best effort

--codec

Audio codec value used for the VoIP call, 0=G.711, 1=G.722_24, 2=G.722_32

0 = G.711

-d

--stream-duration

To run the voice test call for desired time in seconds. For each 5 seconds, 50 packets are sent to the server

5 seconds

-o

--clock-offset

clock offset with the server

-v

--verbose

verbosity of the test; short command accepts -v (verbose) or -vv (very verbose), -vvv (very very verbose)

n/a

te-server

Designed to open up a port on the local machine to allow communication with the VoIP client. The desired server port should be configured to accept UDP connections inbound. It is always the machine running the te-voipserver utility that logs the probe statistics.

Syntax and Options

(sudo) te-server [options] <local-port>

Parameter

Description

local-port

Port on which the sever listens for incoming VoIP connections (UDP traffic)

Option (short)

Option (long)

Description

Default Value

-h

--help

displays usage instructions

n/a

--stunner-host

host in which to reach the STUNNER server

--stunner-port

port in which to reach the STUNNER server

-6

--ipv6

use IPv6 instead of IPv4

n/a

-j

--jitter

the size of the de-jitter buffer

0.1000000001 secs

--check-nat

whether to check if the NAT allows hole punching (only valid when using --stunner-host)

--agent-id

the agent id to use when connecting and authenticating to the STUNNER server

-v

--verbose

verbosity of the test; short command accepts -v (verbose) or -vv (very verbose), -vvv (very very verbose)

n/a

Example

user@ubuntu:~$ sudo te-server 49152
13 [0x7fab82d4c700] INFO te.pte null - ProbeTaskExecutor started.
65 [0x7fab82d4c700] INFO te.port_49152#1 null - port_49152 server task started.

[user1@centos]$ sudo te-rtp 10.100.10.166 -p 49152
241 packets sent in 5000ms @96% of rate

user@ubuntu:~$ sudo te-voipserver 49152
13 [0x7fab82d4c700] INFO te.pte null - ProbeTaskExecutor started.
Server listening at port 49152 on interface any
65 [0x7fab82d4c700] INFO te.port_49152#1 null - Voip server receiving streams at 0.0.0.0:49152
44435 [0x7fab82d4c700] INFO te.port_49152#1 null - Task/Client 0/0: round #1407879622 (G.711_64kbps): 482/0/0 (total/lost/discarded frames); wall time: 5001 @ 98% of desired rate; MOS: 4.4; OWD: 0.0; jitter(RTCP/PDV): 0.0/0.0;

Note: The wall time accounts for the total time taken for the test to complete including the programmatically added time and/or time taken for the resources to be made available.

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